Entity Class Construction Rules

Base Structure

namespace GloboTicket.Domain.Entities;

/// <summary>
/// [Clear, concise description of the entity's business purpose]
/// </summary>
public class EntityName : [Entity | MultiTenantEntity]
{
    // Properties defined here
}

Property Patterns

Required Properties

• Use required keyword: public required string Name { get; set; }
• Include XML doc comment explaining the property's purpose
• Provide default value in initializer if sensible: = string.Empty;

Optional Properties

• Make nullable: public string? Description { get; set; }
• Include XML doc comment
• Default to null (implicit)

Navigation Properties (Collections)

/// <summary>
/// The collection of related entities.
/// </summary>
public ICollection<RelatedEntity> RelatedEntities { get; set; } = new List<RelatedEntity>();

IMPORTANT: When creating a new relationship, ALWAYS add the collection navigation property to the parent (one) side:

• If you're creating a child entity (many side), you MUST also add the collection property to the parent entity
• Example: When creating Show with a relationship to Venue, add public ICollection<Show> Shows { get; set; } = new List<Show>(); to the Venue entity
• Use the WithMany(parent => parent.Collection) pattern in the configuration on the many side

Navigation Properties (Single - Optional)

/// <summary>
/// The parent entity.
/// </summary>
public ParentEntity? Parent { get; set; }

/// <summary>
/// Foreign key for the parent entity.
/// </summary>
public int? ParentId { get; set; }

Navigation Properties (Single - Required)

/// <summary>
/// The parent entity.
/// </summary>
public ParentEntity Parent { get; private set; }

/// <summary>
/// Foreign key for the parent entity.
/// </summary>
public int ParentId { get; private set; }

Important Notes on Required Navigation Properties:

• Required navigation properties should be non-nullable
• Both foreign key and navigation properties should have private set
• Use null assertion assignment (= null!;) in constructors to avoid compiler warnings
• Required navigation properties are initialized via constructor parameters
• A private parameterless constructor must be provided for Entity Framework Core

Complex Types (Value Objects)

/// <summary>
/// The billing address for this entity.
/// </summary>
public required Address BillingAddress { get; set; }

/// <summary>
/// Optional shipping address.
/// </summary>
public Address? ShippingAddress { get; set; }

Geospatial Properties

using NetTopologySuite.Geometries;

/// <summary>
/// Geographic location (latitude/longitude).
/// </summary>
public Point? Location { get; set; }

Multi-Tenant Entity Additional Requirements

When inheriting from MultiTenantEntity, DO NOT manually add:

• TenantId property (inherited from base)
• Tenant navigation property (inherited from base)
• Id, CreatedAt, UpdatedAt (inherited through base chain)

These are automatically provided by the inheritance hierarchy.

Common Property Types

• Strings: Default to string.Empty for required, null for optional
• Decimals: Use decimal for monetary values, prices
• DateTimes: Use DateTime (UTC assumed), nullable for optional dates
• Booleans: Default to false with clear semantic meaning
• Enums: Create strongly-typed enums in Domain.Enums namespace
• GUIDs: Use Guid type, typically optional except for unique identifiers

Constructor Patterns

For Entities with Required Navigation Properties

Entities that have required navigation properties (non-nullable relationships) must have:

1. Public Constructor: Accepts navigation entities as parameters and initializes both the navigation property and its foreign key
2. Private Parameterless Constructor: For Entity Framework Core to use during materialization

public class Show : Entity
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Show"/> class.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="act">The Act that is performing in this show.</param>
    /// <param name="venue">The Venue where this show is held.</param>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when act or venue is null.</exception>
    public Show(Act act, Venue venue)
    {
        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(act);
        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(venue);

        Act = act;
        ActId = act.Id;
        Venue = venue;
        VenueId = venue.Id;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Private parameterless constructor for Entity Framework Core.
    /// </summary>
    private Show()
    {
        Act = null!;
        Venue = null!;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the start time of the show in UTC.
    /// </summary>
    public required DateTime StartTime { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the foreign key for the Act performing in this show.
    /// </summary>
    public int ActId { get; private set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the Act that is performing in this show.
    /// </summary>
    public Act Act { get; private set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the foreign key for the Venue where this show is held.
    /// </summary>
    public int VenueId { get; private set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the Venue where this show is held.
    /// </summary>
    public Venue Venue { get; private set; }
}

Key Constructor Rules

• Constructor parameters should ONLY be used for navigation properties, not value properties
• Value properties should use the required keyword instead
• Public constructor validates navigation properties are not null using ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull()
• Public constructor sets both the navigation property and its foreign key from the passed entity's Id
• Private parameterless constructor initializes navigation properties with null! to suppress compiler warnings
• Foreign keys and navigation properties have private set to enforce initialization through constructor