Research Validation

Systematic multi-source validation for technology decisions and implementation approaches. This skill provides frameworks for verifying information, assessing source credibility, and making evidence-based decisions.

Purpose

Avoid costly mistakes from outdated or incorrect information:

• Validate technology recommendations before implementation
• Cross-reference best practices across multiple sources
• Assess source credibility and recency
• Identify consensus and contradictions
• Document confidence levels and uncertainties
• Make informed decisions with proper evidence

Features

1. Source Credibility Framework

## Source Credibility Tiers

### Tier 1: Official Sources (Highest Authority)
- Official documentation
- RFC/specification documents
- Vendor technical blogs
- Official GitHub repositories
- Academic papers (peer-reviewed)

**Credibility Score: 9-10/10**
**Typical Recency: Updated with releases**

### Tier 2: Trusted Community Sources
- Stack Overflow (high-vote answers)
- Popular technical blogs (known authors)
- Conference talks (major conferences)
- Well-maintained GitHub projects
- Technical books (recent editions)

**Credibility Score: 7-8/10**
**Typical Recency: Varies, check dates**

### Tier 3: Community Sources
- Medium/Dev.to articles
- Reddit discussions
- YouTube tutorials
- Personal blogs
- Forum posts

**Credibility Score: 4-6/10**
**Typical Recency: Often outdated**

### Tier 4: Unverified Sources
- AI-generated content (uncited)
- Outdated documentation
- Anonymous posts
- Marketing content
- SEO-optimized articles

**Credibility Score: 1-3/10**
**Typical Recency: Unknown**

2. Validation Process

interface ResearchValidation {
  topic: string;
  sources: ValidatedSource[];
  consensus: ConsensusAnalysis;
  contradictions: Contradiction[];
  confidence: ConfidenceAssessment;
  recommendation: string;
}

interface ValidatedSource {
  url: string;
  title: string;
  author?: string;
  date: Date;
  tier: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
  keyFindings: string[];
  relevance: number; // 0-1
  bias?: string;
}

// Validation workflow
async function validateTechnologyDecision(
  topic: string,
  question: string
): Promise<ResearchValidation> {
  // Step 1: Gather sources from multiple tiers
  const sources = await gatherSources(topic, {
    minTier1: 1,  // At least 1 official source
    minTier2: 2,  // At least 2 trusted sources
    maxSources: 10,
  });

  // Step 2: Extract and categorize findings
  const findings = sources.flatMap(s =>
    s.keyFindings.map(f => ({
      finding: f,
      source: s,
      confidence: calculateFindingConfidence(s, f),
    }))
  );

  // Step 3: Analyze consensus
  const consensus = analyzeConsensus(findings);

  // Step 4: Identify contradictions
  const contradictions = findContradictions(findings);

  // Step 5: Calculate overall confidence
  const confidence = assessConfidence({
    sources,
    consensus,
    contradictions,
    recency: assessRecency(sources),
  });

  // Step 6: Generate recommendation
  const recommendation = generateRecommendation({
    question,
    consensus,
    confidence,
    contradictions,
  });

  return {
    topic,
    sources,
    consensus,
    contradictions,
    confidence,
    recommendation,
  };
}

// Consensus analysis
function analyzeConsensus(findings: Finding[]): ConsensusAnalysis {
  // Group similar findings
  const clusters = clusterFindings(findings);

  // Find majority opinion
  const majorityCluster = clusters.reduce((max, c) =>
    c.findings.length > max.findings.length ? c : max
  );

  // Calculate agreement percentage
  const agreementRatio = majorityCluster.findings.length / findings.length;

  return {
    level: agreementRatio > 0.8 ? 'strong' :
           agreementRatio > 0.6 ? 'moderate' : 'weak',
    majorityPosition: majorityCluster.summary,
    agreementPercentage: agreementRatio * 100,
    minorityPositions: clusters
      .filter(c => c !== majorityCluster)
      .map(c => c.summary),
    evidenceStrength: calculateEvidenceStrength(majorityCluster),
  };
}

3. Technology Selection Matrix

## Technology Selection Validation Framework

### Step 1: Define Requirements
| Category | Requirement | Priority | Weight |
|----------|-------------|----------|--------|
| Performance | < 100ms response time | Must | 10 |
| Scalability | 10k concurrent users | Must | 10 |
| Learning curve | Team familiar in 2 weeks | Should | 7 |
| Community | Active community support | Should | 6 |
| Maintenance | Regular updates | Should | 5 |

### Step 2: Gather Evidence for Each Option

```typescript
interface TechnologyEvaluation {
  technology: string;
  criteria: CriteriaScore[];
  sources: ValidatedSource[];
  risks: Risk[];
  totalScore: number;
}

function evaluateTechnology(
  tech: string,
  requirements: Requirement[]
): TechnologyEvaluation {
  const scores: CriteriaScore[] = [];

  for (const req of requirements) {
    // Research this specific criteria
    const evidence = researchCriteria(tech, req.category);

    scores.push({
      criteria: req.category,
      score: calculateScore(evidence),
      evidence: evidence.sources,
      confidence: evidence.confidence,
      notes: evidence.notes,
    });
  }

  return {
    technology: tech,
    criteria: scores,
    sources: aggregateSources(scores),
    risks: identifyRisks(scores),
    totalScore: calculateWeightedScore(scores, requirements),
  };
}

Step 3: Comparison Template

Criteria	Option A	Option B	Option C
Performance	9/10 (✓ Verified)	7/10 (⚠ Limited data)	8/10 (✓ Verified)
Scalability	8/10 (✓ Verified)	9/10 (✓ Verified)	6/10 (⚠ Concerns)
Learning curve	7/10 (△ Mixed)	5/10 (✓ Verified)	8/10 (✓ Verified)
Total	24/30	21/30	22/30

Step 4: Risk Assessment

• Option A: Low risk, well-established
• Option B: Medium risk, steeper learning curve
• Option C: Medium risk, scalability concerns need mitigation

### 4. Best Practice Verification

```typescript
interface BestPracticeValidation {
  practice: string;
  status: 'verified' | 'outdated' | 'contested' | 'context-dependent';
  context: string[];
  sources: ValidatedSource[];
  alternatives?: string[];
  updatedPractice?: string;
}

// Verify if a best practice is still valid
async function verifyBestPractice(
  practice: string,
  context: {
    technology: string;
    version?: string;
    useCase?: string;
  }
): Promise<BestPracticeValidation> {
  // Search for current recommendations
  const currentSources = await searchOfficialDocs(
    context.technology,
    practice,
    { recency: '2years' }
  );

  // Check for deprecation notices
  const deprecationInfo = await checkDeprecations(
    context.technology,
    practice
  );

  // Search for community discussion
  const communityDiscussion = await searchCommunity(
    practice,
    context.technology
  );

  // Analyze findings
  const isDeprecated = deprecationInfo.deprecated;
  const hasAlternative = deprecationInfo.replacement !== null;
  const communityConsensus = analyzeSentiment(communityDiscussion);

  // Determine status
  let status: BestPracticeValidation['status'];

  if (isDeprecated) {
    status = 'outdated';
  } else if (communityConsensus.mixed) {
    status = 'contested';
  } else if (communityConsensus.contextual) {
    status = 'context-dependent';
  } else {
    status = 'verified';
  }

  return {
    practice,
    status,
    context: identifyValidContexts(currentSources, communityDiscussion),
    sources: [...currentSources, ...communityDiscussion],
    alternatives: hasAlternative ? [deprecationInfo.replacement] : undefined,
    updatedPractice: status === 'outdated'
      ? generateUpdatedPractice(practice, deprecationInfo)
      : undefined,
  };
}

// Example usage
const validation = await verifyBestPractice(
  'Use componentWillMount for data fetching',
  { technology: 'React', version: '18' }
);

// Result:
// {
//   practice: 'Use componentWillMount for data fetching',
//   status: 'outdated',
//   context: ['Legacy React class components only'],
//   alternatives: ['useEffect hook', 'React Query', 'SWR'],
//   updatedPractice: 'Use useEffect hook or data fetching libraries...'
// }

5. Evidence Documentation

## Evidence Documentation Template

### Research Topic
[Clear statement of what is being researched]

### Research Question
[Specific question to be answered]

---

### Source 1: [Title]
**URL:** [link]
**Author:** [name or organization]
**Date:** [publication date]
**Tier:** [1-4]
**Relevance:** [High/Medium/Low]

**Key Findings:**
1. [Finding 1]
2. [Finding 2]

**Limitations:**
- [Any biases or limitations]

**Quote:** "[Relevant quote if applicable]"

---

### Source 2: [Title]
[Same structure...]

---

### Consensus Analysis

**Agreement Level:** [Strong/Moderate/Weak/None]

**Majority Position:**
[Summary of what most sources agree on]

**Minority Positions:**
1. [Alternative view 1]
2. [Alternative view 2]

**Contradictions Found:**
| Topic | Source A Says | Source B Says | Resolution |
|-------|---------------|---------------|------------|
| [topic] | [position] | [position] | [how resolved] |

---

### Confidence Assessment

**Overall Confidence:** [High/Medium/Low]

**Factors:**
- Source quality: [assessment]
- Recency: [assessment]
- Consensus level: [assessment]
- Evidence completeness: [assessment]

**Uncertainties:**
1. [Uncertainty 1]
2. [Uncertainty 2]

---

### Recommendation

**Decision:** [Clear recommendation]

**Rationale:**
[Why this recommendation based on evidence]

**Caveats:**
- [Caveat 1]
- [Caveat 2]

**Action Items:**
1. [Next step 1]
2. [Next step 2]

6. Recency Validation

interface RecencyAssessment {
  sourceAge: 'current' | 'recent' | 'dated' | 'outdated';
  technologyVersion: {
    sourceVersion?: string;
    currentVersion: string;
    versionsBehind: number;
  };
  significantChanges: string[];
  recommendation: string;
}

// Assess if source information is still current
async function assessRecency(
  source: ValidatedSource,
  technology: string
): Promise<RecencyAssessment> {
  const currentVersion = await getCurrentVersion(technology);
  const sourceVersion = extractVersionFromSource(source);

  // Get changelog between versions
  const changes = sourceVersion
    ? await getChangesBetweenVersions(technology, sourceVersion, currentVersion)
    : [];

  // Identify breaking changes
  const breakingChanges = changes.filter(c => c.breaking);
  const relevantChanges = changes.filter(c =>
    c.affects.some(a => source.keyFindings.some(f => f.includes(a)))
  );

  // Calculate age
  const ageInMonths = monthsSince(source.date);

  let sourceAge: RecencyAssessment['sourceAge'];
  if (ageInMonths < 6 && breakingChanges.length === 0) {
    sourceAge = 'current';
  } else if (ageInMonths < 12 && relevantChanges.length < 3) {
    sourceAge = 'recent';
  } else if (ageInMonths < 24) {
    sourceAge = 'dated';
  } else {
    sourceAge = 'outdated';
  }

  return {
    sourceAge,
    technologyVersion: {
      sourceVersion,
      currentVersion,
      versionsBehind: calculateVersionsBehind(sourceVersion, currentVersion),
    },
    significantChanges: relevantChanges.map(c => c.description),
    recommendation: generateRecencyRecommendation(sourceAge, relevantChanges),
  };
}

// Version change impact analysis
function analyzeVersionImpact(
  findings: string[],
  changes: VersionChange[]
): VersionImpactAnalysis {
  const impactedFindings: ImpactedFinding[] = [];

  for (const finding of findings) {
    const relatedChanges = changes.filter(c =>
      c.keywords.some(k => finding.toLowerCase().includes(k.toLowerCase()))
    );

    if (relatedChanges.length > 0) {
      impactedFindings.push({
        finding,
        changes: relatedChanges,
        severity: relatedChanges.some(c => c.breaking) ? 'breaking' : 'minor',
        updatedGuidance: generateUpdatedGuidance(finding, relatedChanges),
      });
    }
  }

  return {
    impactedFindings,
    unaffectedFindings: findings.filter(f =>
      !impactedFindings.some(i => i.finding === f)
    ),
    overallImpact: impactedFindings.some(f => f.severity === 'breaking')
      ? 'significant'
      : impactedFindings.length > 0
        ? 'moderate'
        : 'none',
  };
}

Use Cases

1. Framework Selection

## Research: React vs Vue vs Svelte for New Project

### Question
Which frontend framework best fits our team's needs for a dashboard application?

### Requirements
- Performance: High (real-time data updates)
- Learning curve: Moderate (team knows React basics)
- Ecosystem: Rich (need charting, data tables)
- Long-term support: Essential

### Source Summary

| Source | Type | Finding | Confidence |
|--------|------|---------|------------|
| React Docs | Official | Mature ecosystem, concurrent features | High |
| Vue Docs | Official | Easier learning curve, good performance | High |
| Svelte Docs | Official | Best performance, smaller bundle | High |
| State of JS 2023 | Survey | React most used, Svelte highest satisfaction | Medium |
| Tech Radar | Analysis | All recommended, React for large teams | Medium |

### Consensus
- All frameworks capable for the use case
- React has largest ecosystem
- Vue has gentler learning curve
- Svelte has best performance but smaller ecosystem

### Recommendation
**React** - Team familiarity + ecosystem maturity outweighs marginal performance gains from alternatives.

### Confidence: High
- Multiple official sources consulted
- Aligned with industry trends
- Team context factored in

2. Security Best Practice Verification

// Verify security recommendation
const validation = await verifyBestPractice(
  'Use bcrypt for password hashing',
  { technology: 'Node.js', useCase: 'authentication' }
);

// Result includes:
// - Current status: verified (still best practice)
// - Context: Web applications, when not using managed auth
// - Alternatives: Argon2 (newer, may be better for some cases)
// - Sources: OWASP, Node.js security best practices, etc.

3. API Design Decision

## Research: REST vs GraphQL for Mobile API

### Evidence Summary

**For REST:**
- Official: HTTP caching well-supported
- Community: Simpler for CRUD operations
- Benchmarks: Lower overhead per request

**For GraphQL:**
- Official: Reduces over/under-fetching
- Community: Better for complex, nested data
- Benchmarks: Fewer round trips for complex queries

### Context Analysis
Our mobile app needs:
- Multiple related entities per screen ✓ GraphQL advantage
- Real-time updates ✓ Both support (subscriptions/SSE)
- Caching required ✓ REST advantage with standard caching

### Recommendation
**REST with BFF pattern** - Simpler caching meets our CDN strategy. Create Backend-for-Frontend to aggregate data.

### Confidence: Medium
- Trade-offs are context-dependent
- Team experience with REST
- Could revisit if complexity increases

Best Practices

Do's

• Use minimum 3 sources - Never rely on single source
• Prefer official docs - Start with Tier 1 sources
• Check publication dates - Technology moves fast
• Document uncertainties - Be explicit about unknowns
• Consider context - Best practices vary by situation
• Verify version compatibility - Check against your version

Don'ts

• Don't trust outdated sources without verification
• Don't ignore minority opinions without investigation
• Don't skip official documentation
• Don't assume consensus means correctness
• Don't let recency bias override quality
• Don't ignore context in recommendations

Validation Checklist

## Pre-Implementation Validation Checklist

### Source Quality
- [ ] At least 1 official/Tier 1 source consulted
- [ ] At least 2 additional credible sources
- [ ] Publication dates within 2 years
- [ ] Authors/organizations verified

### Analysis
- [ ] Consensus level assessed
- [ ] Contradictions identified and resolved
- [ ] Context applicability verified
- [ ] Version compatibility confirmed

### Documentation
- [ ] Sources documented with links
- [ ] Key findings summarized
- [ ] Confidence level stated
- [ ] Uncertainties noted

### Decision
- [ ] Recommendation clearly stated
- [ ] Rationale documented
- [ ] Alternatives considered
- [ ] Risks identified

Related Skills

• brainstorming - Generating options to research
• writing-plans - Documenting research findings
• sequential-thinking - Structured research process
• problem-solving - Applying research to solutions

Reference Resources

• How to Read a Paper
• ThoughtWorks Technology Radar
• State of JS Survey
• DORA Research
• Google Scholar - For academic sources