Supabase Database Operations

Overview

This skill provides tools for working with Supabase database tables through the REST API. Supports SELECT queries with filtering, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations, and calling RPC functions.

Prerequisites

Required environment variables:

export SUPABASE_URL="https://your-project.supabase.co"
export SUPABASE_KEY="your-anon-or-service-role-key"

Helper script: This skill uses the shared Supabase API helper. Make sure to source it:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

Common Operations

SELECT - Query Data

Basic select all:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Get all rows from a table
supabase_get "/rest/v1/your_table?select=*"

Select specific columns:

# Get only id and name columns
supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=id,name,email"

Filter results:

# Equality filter
supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=*&email=eq.user@example.com"

# Greater than
supabase_get "/rest/v1/products?select=*&price=gt.100"

# Less than or equal
supabase_get "/rest/v1/orders?select=*&quantity=lte.10"

# Pattern matching (LIKE)
supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=*&name=like.*John*"

# In list
supabase_get "/rest/v1/products?select=*&category=in.(electronics,books)"

# Is null
supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=*&deleted_at=is.null"

Order and limit:

# Order by column (ascending)
supabase_get "/rest/v1/posts?select=*&order=created_at.asc"

# Order by column (descending)
supabase_get "/rest/v1/posts?select=*&order=created_at.desc"

# Limit results
supabase_get "/rest/v1/posts?select=*&limit=10"

# Pagination (offset)
supabase_get "/rest/v1/posts?select=*&limit=10&offset=20"

# Range pagination
supabase_get "/rest/v1/posts?select=*" -H "Range: 0-9"

Complex queries:

# Multiple filters (AND)
supabase_get "/rest/v1/products?select=*&category=eq.electronics&price=gt.100"

# OR filter
supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=*&or=(status.eq.active,status.eq.pending)"

# Nested filters
supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=*,posts(*)&posts.published=eq.true"

INSERT - Add Data

Insert single row:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

supabase_post "/rest/v1/users" '{
  "name": "John Doe",
  "email": "john@example.com",
  "age": 30
}'

Insert multiple rows:

supabase_post "/rest/v1/users" '[
  {
    "name": "Alice Smith",
    "email": "alice@example.com"
  },
  {
    "name": "Bob Jones",
    "email": "bob@example.com"
  }
]'

Upsert (insert or update if exists):

# Use Prefer: resolution=merge-duplicates header
curl -s -X POST \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/rest/v1/users" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Prefer: resolution=merge-duplicates" \
    -d '{
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Updated Name",
      "email": "updated@example.com"
    }'

UPDATE - Modify Data

Update rows matching filter:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Update specific row by id
supabase_patch "/rest/v1/users?id=eq.123" '{
  "name": "Updated Name",
  "email": "newemail@example.com"
}'

# Update multiple rows
supabase_patch "/rest/v1/products?category=eq.electronics" '{
  "discount": 10
}'

DELETE - Remove Data

Delete rows matching filter:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Delete specific row by id
supabase_delete "/rest/v1/users?id=eq.123"

# Delete multiple rows
supabase_delete "/rest/v1/logs?created_at=lt.2023-01-01"

RPC - Call Database Functions

Execute stored procedures:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Call function without parameters
supabase_post "/rest/v1/rpc/function_name" '{}'

# Call function with parameters
supabase_post "/rest/v1/rpc/calculate_total" '{
  "user_id": 123,
  "start_date": "2023-01-01",
  "end_date": "2023-12-31"
}'

Filter Operators Reference

Operator	Description	Example
eq	Equals	id=eq.123
neq	Not equals	status=neq.deleted
gt	Greater than	age=gt.18
gte	Greater than or equal	price=gte.100
lt	Less than	quantity=lt.10
lte	Less than or equal	score=lte.50
like	Pattern match (case-sensitive)	name=like.*John*
ilike	Pattern match (case-insensitive)	email=ilike.*@gmail.com
is	Check for exact value (null, true, false)	deleted_at=is.null
in	In list	status=in.(active,pending)
not	Negate a condition	status=not.in.(deleted,banned)
or	Logical OR	or=(status.eq.active,status.eq.pending)
and	Logical AND	and=(age.gte.18,age.lte.65)

Response Formatting

Pretty print JSON (requires jq):

supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=*" | jq '.'

Extract specific field:

# Get just the names
supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=name" | jq -r '.[].name'

Count results:

# Add Prefer: count=exact header for total count
curl -s -X GET \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/rest/v1/users?select=*" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Prefer: count=exact" \
    -I | grep -i content-range

Common Patterns

Check if record exists

result=$(supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=id&email=eq.test@example.com")
if [[ "$result" == "[]" ]]; then
    echo "User does not exist"
else
    echo "User exists"
fi

Create if not exists

# Check first
existing=$(supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=id&email=eq.test@example.com")

if [[ "$existing" == "[]" ]]; then
    # Create new user
    supabase_post "/rest/v1/users" '{
        "email": "test@example.com",
        "name": "Test User"
    }'
    echo "User created"
else
    echo "User already exists"
fi

Batch operations

# Process multiple records
ids=(123 456 789)

for id in "${ids[@]}"; do
    supabase_patch "/rest/v1/users?id=eq.$id" '{
        "updated_at": "'"$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"'"
    }'
done

Error Handling

The helper script automatically handles HTTP errors and displays them. Check return codes:

if supabase_get "/rest/v1/users?select=*"; then
    echo "Query successful"
else
    echo "Query failed"
    exit 1
fi

Security Notes

• Use anon key for client-side operations (respects Row Level Security)
• Use service role key for admin operations (bypasses RLS - use carefully)
• Always apply Row Level Security policies in your Supabase dashboard
• Never commit keys to version control

API Documentation

Full Supabase REST API documentation: https://supabase.com/docs/guides/api