Video Production
Comprehensive guide for professional video production across all platforms.
Production Phases
The 3 Phases
| Phase |
Activities |
Deliverables |
| Pre-Production |
Planning, scripting, storyboarding |
Script, shot list, schedule |
| Production |
Filming, recording |
Raw footage, audio |
| Post-Production |
Editing, VFX, color, sound |
Final deliverable |
Pre-Production
Script Format
SCENE 1 - INT. OFFICE - DAY
Wide shot of open office space. ALEX (30s) sits at desk.
ALEX
(looking at screen)
This is where the magic happens.
CUT TO: Close-up of computer screen showing code.
NARRATOR (V.O.)
In today's tutorial, we'll cover...
Shot List Template
| # |
Scene |
Shot Type |
Description |
Duration |
Notes |
| 1 |
Intro |
Wide |
Office establishing |
3s |
Natural lighting |
| 2 |
Intro |
Close-up |
Subject face |
5s |
Eye contact |
| 3 |
Demo |
Screen capture |
Code editor |
30s |
1080p60 |
Storyboard Elements
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ [Rough sketch] │
│ │
│ ┌───┐ │
│ │ O │ ←Subject │
│ └─┬─┘ │
│ │ │
├─────────────────────────┤
│ Shot: Medium close-up │
│ Action: Subject speaks │
│ Audio: Dialogue + music │
│ Duration: 5 seconds │
│ Notes: Eye-level angle │
└─────────────────────────┘
Camera Fundamentals
Shot Types
FRAMING:
┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
│ │ │ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌─────┐ │
│ ┌───┐ │ │ │ O │ │ │ │ O │ │
│ │ O │ │ │ └─┬─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ └─┬─┘ │ │ ─┼─ │ │ └──┬──┘ │
│ ──┼── │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ /│\ │ │ / \ │ └─────────────┘
│ / │ \ │ │ / \ │
│ / │ \ │ └─────────────┘ CLOSE-UP (CU)
│ / │ \ │
└─────────────┘ MEDIUM (MS)
WIDE/FULL (WS)
EXTREME CLOSE-UP (ECU): Eyes, details only
MEDIUM CLOSE-UP (MCU): Head and shoulders
OVER-THE-SHOULDER (OTS): Person from behind another
TWO-SHOT: Two subjects in frame
Camera Movements
| Movement |
Description |
Effect |
| Pan |
Horizontal rotation |
Reveal, follow action |
| Tilt |
Vertical rotation |
Reveal height, power |
| Dolly |
Move toward/away |
Intimacy, reveal |
| Truck |
Move left/right |
Follow alongside |
| Crane |
Vertical elevation |
Epic, establishing |
| Zoom |
Focal length change |
Focus attention |
| Handheld |
Natural movement |
Documentary feel |
| Steadicam |
Smooth handheld |
Following shots |
The Exposure Triangle
EXPOSURE
│
┌──────────────┼──────────────┐
│ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼
┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐
│ ISO │ │Aperture │ │ Shutter │
│ 100-12800│ │ f/1.4-22│ │ 1/30- │
│ │ │ │ │ 1/8000 │
└────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘
│ │ │
Sensitivity Depth of Motion
(noise) Field blur
Video Settings
| Setting |
Standard |
Notes |
| Resolution |
1080p, 4K |
Match delivery target |
| Frame Rate |
24, 30, 60 fps |
24=film, 30=TV, 60=smooth |
| Shutter Speed |
1/2x frame rate |
180° rule (1/48 for 24fps) |
| ISO |
As low as possible |
Higher = more noise |
| Bit Rate |
50-400 Mbps |
Higher = better quality |
| Codec |
H.264, H.265, ProRes |
ProRes for editing |
Lighting
Three-Point Lighting
KEY LIGHT
│
│ (45° angle)
│
▼
┌────────────────────────┐
│ │
FILL │ 👤 │ BACK LIGHT
LIGHT│ Subject │ (rim/hair)
│ │
└────────────────────────┘
│
│
CAMERA
| Light |
Purpose |
Intensity |
| Key |
Main illumination |
100% reference |
| Fill |
Soften shadows |
50-75% of key |
| Back |
Separation from BG |
Variable |
Lighting Styles
| Style |
Key:Fill Ratio |
Mood |
| High key |
1:1 to 2:1 |
Bright, optimistic |
| Medium |
3:1 to 4:1 |
Natural, neutral |
| Low key |
8:1+ |
Dramatic, moody |
Color Temperature
Kelvin Scale:
1800K ████████░░░░░░░░ Candlelight (warm)
2700K ██████████░░░░░░ Tungsten bulb
3200K ███████████░░░░░ Halogen
4000K ████████████░░░░ Moonlight
5600K ██████████████░░ Daylight (neutral)
6500K ███████████████░ Overcast
10000K ████████████████ Blue sky (cool)
Audio
Recording Guidelines
| Element |
Target Level |
Notes |
| Dialogue |
-12 to -6 dB |
Peak at -6 dB max |
| Music |
-18 to -12 dB |
Under dialogue |
| SFX |
Variable |
Support the story |
| Noise floor |
Below -60 dB |
Record room tone |
Microphone Types
| Type |
Best For |
Pattern |
| Lavalier |
Interviews, dialogue |
Omnidirectional |
| Shotgun |
Film, documentary |
Super-cardioid |
| Condenser |
Voiceover, studio |
Cardioid |
| Dynamic |
Loud sources |
Cardioid |
Audio Checklist
Post-Production
Editing Workflow
1. INGEST
└─→ Import footage, create proxies if needed
2. ORGANIZE
└─→ Label clips, create bins/folders, log selects
3. ROUGH CUT
└─→ Assemble story structure, timing
4. FINE CUT
└─→ Tighten edits, pacing refinement
5. PICTURE LOCK
└─→ No more timeline changes
6. COLOR
└─→ Correction, grading, look development
7. AUDIO MIX
└─→ Levels, EQ, compression, spatial
8. TITLES/GFX
└─→ Lower thirds, motion graphics
9. EXPORT
└─→ Final render, quality check
Editing Software
| Software |
Best For |
Platform |
| DaVinci Resolve |
Color grading, full edit |
All (Free tier) |
| Adobe Premiere |
Industry standard |
All |
| Final Cut Pro |
Mac ecosystem |
macOS |
| Avid Media Composer |
Broadcast, film |
All |
| iMovie |
Beginners |
macOS/iOS |
| CapCut |
Social media |
Mobile/Desktop |
Essential Cuts
| Cut |
Description |
Use |
| Hard cut |
Instant transition |
Standard, dialogue |
| J-cut |
Audio leads video |
Natural dialogue flow |
| L-cut |
Video leads audio |
Reaction shots |
| Jump cut |
Same angle, time skip |
Pacing, style |
| Match cut |
Visual similarity |
Transitions, meaning |
| Cutaway |
Insert shot |
Context, time compression |
Color
Color Workflow
1. CORRECTION (Primary)
- Fix exposure, white balance
- Balance shots in scene
- Create neutral baseline
2. MATCHING
- Match shots within scenes
- Consistent skin tones
- Scene-to-scene continuity
3. GRADING (Secondary)
- Creative look development
- Selective adjustments
- Style application
Color Scopes
| Scope |
Shows |
Use |
| Waveform |
Luminance levels |
Exposure, contrast |
| Vectorscope |
Hue, saturation |
Skin tones, color cast |
| Histogram |
Tonal distribution |
Clipping, balance |
| Parade |
RGB channels separate |
Color balance |
LUTs (Look-Up Tables)
Types:
- Technical LUT: Log to Rec.709 conversion
- Creative LUT: Stylistic look (film emulation)
- Calibration LUT: Monitor/display correction
Application Order:
1. Input LUT (log conversion)
2. Primary correction
3. Secondary grading
4. Creative LUT
5. Output LUT (delivery spec)
Motion Graphics
Animation Principles
| Principle |
Application |
| Easing |
Smooth starts/stops (ease in/out) |
| Anticipation |
Setup before action |
| Follow-through |
Motion continues after stop |
| Secondary action |
Supporting movements |
| Timing |
Speed conveys weight/mood |
| Staging |
Clear presentation |
Common Motion Patterns
/* Easing functions */
ease-in: slow → fast
ease-out: fast → slow
ease-in-out: slow → fast → slow
linear: constant speed
/* Standard durations */
Quick: 150-200ms (micro-interactions)
Normal: 300-400ms (standard transitions)
Slow: 500-800ms (emphasis, reveals)
Title Safe Zones
┌────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌──────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ ┌────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ TITLE SAFE │ │ │
│ │ │ (80%) │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ └────────────────────┘ │ │
│ │ ACTION SAFE │ │
│ │ (90%) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────┘ │
│ FULL FRAME (100%) │
└────────────────────────────────┘
Export & Delivery
Platform Specifications
| Platform |
Resolution |
Frame Rate |
Format |
| YouTube |
1080p/4K |
24-60 fps |
H.264/H.265 |
| Instagram Feed |
1080×1080 |
30 fps |
H.264 |
| Instagram Reels |
1080×1920 |
30 fps |
H.264 |
| TikTok |
1080×1920 |
30 fps |
H.264 |
| Twitter |
1280×720+ |
30-60 fps |
H.264 |
| LinkedIn |
1920×1080 |
30 fps |
H.264 |
| Broadcast |
1080i/p |
29.97/25 fps |
ProRes/DNxHD |
Export Settings (H.264)
Web Delivery:
- Codec: H.264
- Container: MP4
- Bitrate: 10-20 Mbps (1080p), 35-68 Mbps (4K)
- Audio: AAC, 320 kbps
- Sample rate: 48 kHz
Archive/Master:
- Codec: ProRes 422 or DNxHD
- Container: MOV
- Audio: Uncompressed PCM
Best Practices
DO:
- Plan before you shoot
- Record more footage than needed
- Use manual focus when possible
- Monitor audio with headphones
- Shoot for the edit
- Keep organized project files
- Back up everything (3-2-1 rule)
- Color correct before grading
DON'T:
- Overuse transitions
- Rely on "fix it in post"
- Forget b-roll coverage
- Ignore audio quality
- Over-sharpen in post
- Export at wrong aspect ratio
- Skip the rough cut phase
- Delete original footage
Quality Checklist
Pre-Export
Final Review